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"Run, Nigger, Run" (Roud 3660) is an African-American folk song, first documented in 1851, which is known from numerous versions. Growing out of the rise of slave patrols in the slave-owning southern United States, the song is about and follows an unnamed black man who attempts to run from a slave patrol and avoid capture. This folk song was released as a commercial recording several times, beginning in the 1920s, and it was included in the 2013 film ''12 Years a Slave''. ==History and documentation== In the mid-19th century, black slaves were not allowed off their masters' plantations without a pass, for fear that they would rise against their white owners; such uprisings had occurred before, such as the one led by Nat Turner in 1831. However, it remained common for slaves to slip away from the plantations to visit friends elsewhere. If caught, running from the slave patrols was considered better than attempting to explain oneself and facing the whip. This social phenomenon led the slaves to create a variety of songs regarding the patrols and slaves' attempts to escape them. One such song is "Run, Nigger, Run", which was sung on plantations in much of the Southern United States. It is not certain when the song originated, although John A. Wyeth describes it as one of the oldest of the plantation songs, songs sung by slaves working on Southern plantations. Larry Birnbaum notes lyrical parallels in some versions to earlier songs, such as "Whar You Cum From", first published by J. B. Harper in 1846. According to Newman Ivey White, the earliest written documentation of "Run, Nigger, Run" dates to 1851, when a version was included in blackface minstrel Charlie White's ''White's Serenaders' Song Book''. After the American Civil War, the song was documented more extensively. Joel Chandler Harris included a version of it in his ''Uncle Remus and His Friends'' (1892), and in 1915, E. C. Perrow included a version with his article "Songs and Rhymes from the South" in ''The Journal of American Folklore''. Dorothy Scarborough and Ola Lee Gulledge, in their book ''On the Trail of Negro Folk-songs'', included two versions, collected from two different states, and in his book ''American Negro Folk-Songs'' (1928), Newman White includes four different variations. Folklorist Alan Lomax recorded folk versions from at least two different sources, one in 1933 from a black prisoner named Moses Platt, and another in 1937 from a white fiddler named W. H. Stepp. Commercial recordings of the song began in the 1920s, many by white singers. In 1924, Fiddlin' John Carson recorded his version of the song. By the end of the decade at least another three recordings had been produced, by Uncle Dave Macon (1925), Gid Tanner and the Skillet Lickers (1927), and Dr. Humphrey Bate and His Possum Hunters (1928). In 2013 the song was used in ''12 Years a Slave'', Steve McQueen's film adaptation of the memoir by Solomon Northup. In the film, a white carpenter named John Tibeats (portrayed by Paul Dano) leads a group of slaves in a rendition of the song. Hermione Hoby of ''The Guardian'' described the scene as "nauseating", and Dana Stevens of ''Slate'' found it to be "hideous". Kristian Lin of the ''Fort Worth Weekly'' wrote that, though the song had initially been used by black slaves to encourage escapees and warn them of the dangers involved, when performed by the character of Tibeats it became a taunt, "like a prison guard who jingles the keys for the prisoners to hear, reminding them of what they don't have". 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Run, Nigger, Run」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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